1788 January 26 - Captain Arthur Phillip, commanding the First Fleet, sails into Port Jackson, establishes the first colonial settlement at Sydney Cove. In 1770 he landed in Botany Bay which is south of Sydney. Located near Silver Beach on the Kurnell Peninsula headland, Cook’s landing place is a popular Sydney attraction. I very much enjoyed the original post by Mary and the subsequent comments and input from others, especially that which describes the technical nature of the ITL, civil and maritime time. Phillip first stayed over night at Camp Cove, then moved down the harbour, landing at Sydney Cove and then Manly Cove before returning to Botany Bay on the afternoon of 24 January. By dark all eleven ships were anchored in Table Bay. That is the way I see it.Interesting story and problem though.Note: My on-line article “The Dawn of Australian Astronomy” [ http://homepage.mac.com/andjames/Page031a.htm ] I deliberately avoided stating the landing date of Cook at Kurnell for this very reason! There are further texts that come from Journals of other crew that provide quality data on these very interesting times. Long before Captain Cook landed at Botany Bay and later raised the flag for England, there was a widespread belief in the existence of a mysterious great southern land. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation as the First Peoples and Traditional Custodians of the land and waterways on which the Museum stands. For January 26th, please see the comment from Gabrielle below and Dr Nick’s answer. An Open Bay wherein lay 3 or 4 Small Islands, bore N.W. Any changes to the IDL by other countries, such as the Philippines that moved itself from the east side of the IDL to the west at the end of 1844, had no effect on the people of NSW. Receive the latest news on events, exhibitions, science research and special offers. By observations made yesterday we were in the Longitude 210° 9′. By this time, only a little over one hundred Aboriginal Tasmanians were still alive, languishing in their confinement on Flinders Island in Bass Strait. Captain Cook did shoot at Indigenous people when he arrived in Australia but much of the negativity around him appears to be related to being a symbol of colonisation. The first known European explorer to have successfully crossed the Australian continent from south to north and back again. That same year, the Sydney or Colonial Museum was renamed the Australian Museum and placed under the Committee of Superintendence of the Australian Museum and Botanic Gardens. But one wonders if those sipping … He and his Endeavour crew stayed in the area for eight days and had a dramatic impact on Australian history. One member of the Committee, the distinguished navigator Phillip Parker King, took part in the expedition to Torres Strait, where one of the Museum’s first collections of indigenous artefacts was assembled. After some exploration Phillip decided to go on to Port Jackson, and on … But in January, in England, during the preparation for Settlement, a document produced by the Colonial Office instructing the Colonising Commission to make the ‘arrangements for purchasing the lands of the Natives.’ This document, as historian Henry Reynolds convincingly argued, implied most clearly the recognition of land ownership by Australian Aboriginal peoples within England’s, (and therefore colonial) legal system. Cook didn't go to where Sydney now is. It is effectively the date that the colony of NSW was started and since then NSW has hoodwinked the rest of the country in to believing it was the founding of Australia. Read from text taken from Charles Darwin's diary when he was in Australia and learn about some of his first insights into evolution by natural selection. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Darwin stayed few days in Sydney, where he and Captain Robert FitzRoy, the Beagle’s Commander, were entertained by Phillip Parker King in his Dunheved residence (Municipality of St Marys, western Sydney). The place of anchorage was named Botany Bay, due to the vast, thick forestry that surrounded the coast. Thus in his journal he recorded his landing at Botany Bay on the afternoon of Sunday 29 April 1770. Whenever our Prime Minister makes an announcement about the 250th anniversary of Captain Cook's voyage to Australia in 1770, Australians react in two way — both angry. The Captain Cook statue in Hyde Park, Sydney stands on a huge granite base that was brought from a quarry at Moruya, over 120 miles away in 1878. Aboriginal people engage with what this means for our history. Is this correct? Year 1836: Captain Cook and Charles Darwin arrived in Sydney. Whilst in port, provisions were loaded. );“The shore under the foot of the Mountain forms a point, which I have named Cape Dromedary, over which is a peaked hillock. Now heritage-listed, this reserve interprets the story of the meeting of European and … Also in January 1836, the brig-sloop HMS Beagle arrived in Sydney, the beginning of Charles Darwin’s short acquaintance with Australia. That is equivalent to being 14 hours behind London time. Darwin stayed few days in Sydney, where he and Captain Robert FitzRoy, the Beagle’s Commander, were entertained by Phillip Parker King in his Dunheved residence (Municipality of St Marys, western Sydney). The heritage-listed site is an important place in Australia's history. So I guess you can take your pick and make your day:). They clearly define time lines, scientific experiences, describe the personalities of all major players and set forth descriptions of situations and circumstances without the influence of latter day political filters. Did Cook land in Australia? 13 October 1787: Arrival at the Cape of Good Hope. They fished, explored, found water and botanised. As any Australians who have travelled to the United States would be aware, when crossing the International Date Line (IDL) flying east we gain a day and on the return journey flying west we lose a day. Painting of Charles Darwin by artist George Richmond, probably in 1840. Your email address will not be published. In this section, find out everything you need to know about visiting the Australian Museum, how to get here and the extraordinary exhibitions on display. European settlement started on January 26, 1788, when Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet arrived from England. A few others, mostly women, were living with sealers on the offshore islands out of reach of authority. The artwork I have chosen to respond to is Brenda L Croft’s gelatin silver photograph, Michael Watson in Redfern on the Long March of Freedom, Justice and Hope, Invasion Day, 26 January 1988. Whether Cook in 1770 was familiar with the concept of an International Date Line is unclear, but according to the Canadian Archives & Collections Society website, by his second voyage of 1772-75 the charts by the master of the Resolution, James Gilbert, went from 0° to 180° E. and W. of Greenwich. Captain Cook's interview with natives in Adventure Bay, Van Diemen's land, 29th January 1777 ... 11 David L Allen, 'Captain Cook surfaces again in Sydney', Australian Coin Review, May 1984, 47. Comments he pencilled in his notebooks suggest that sketchy concepts of his theory were then crystallising. Cook reached the southern coast of New South Wales in 1770 and sailed north, charting Australia’s eastern coastline and claiming the land for Great Britain on 22nd August 1770. a128550r.jpg Captain James Cook - watercolour on ivory miniature in circular frame, ca. Darwin also undertook a trip to the Blue Mountains and Bathurst, making some productive observations. Cook named Sydney Harbour after Sir George Jackson. Lieutenant James Cook, captain of HMB Endeavour, claimed the eastern portion of the Australian continent for the British Crown in 1770, naming it New South Wales. Since the arrival of the First Fleet they knew which side of the Date Line they were on and had no need to make any shifts in the calendar dates. Mary, you can rest easy, whatever hardships your ancestors experienced in New South Wales in the time of Governor Macquarie, having to lose a day due a shift in the location of the International Date Line was not one of them. (Three days after sighting land again. Officially the IDL came into existence after the conference in Washington DC in October 1884 that agreed on Greenwich in the UK as the zero longitude. 2020 is being used to commemorate the “discovery” of Australia by Lieutenant (best known as Captain) James Cook. Also in January 1836, the brig-sloop HMS Beagle arrived in Sydney, the beginning of Charles Darwin’s short acquaintance with Australia. In any case, the astronomer with the First Fleet, Lieutenant William Dawes, recorded the longitude of Sydney in the modern fashion of 10 hours 5 minutes and 24 seconds east of Greenwich, so that he was clearly aware that the Colony was on the west side of the IDL. … Or perhaps it was an adjustment made to the calendars of those on the EASTERN side of the IDL …. The problem would have been quite obvious using the astronomical almanac (ephemeris) (Cook  called; “Nautical Almanack and Astronomical Ephemeras”), whose predictions of the moon phases or Jupiter’s transits and occultations of his moons, would have been out by a day. I am interested in when the first fleet moved from Nautical time ( can we first confirm they were using that first on the trip ) to Civil time. Captain Cook did not go into the harbour, but sailed past the entrance on his way north up the East Coast of Australia. By any measure, Captain James Cook was possibly one of the world’s greatest navigators and cartographers. Sunday 29th April 1770: Captain Cook and his crew arrived at Botany Bay. Yes, one of Cook’s tasks was to observe the Transit of Venus in 1769. 28th April 1770 or 29th April 1770. Sailing north, he saw Sydney Heads and remarked that there seemed to be a good harbour behind but he didn't sail into Sydney Harbour. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collection, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Natural Sciences research and collections, Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station, Become a volunteer at the Australian Museum. Visit Kamay Botany Bay National Park to see Captain Cook's landing place at Kurnell. I thought Cook corrected the calendar date when he arrived in Batavia (‘first’ civilisation) on the 11th October 1770, where he stopped to repair the Endeavour (for ten weeks) after nearly shipwrecking it on Endeavour Reef in now  northern Queensland. My Birthday happens to be April 28th , so it would mean a lot if Lieutenant Cook ( not Captain ) landed on this day and not the 29th . 26th January is the date the First Fleet landed at Port Jackson after they left Botany Bay. Thank you for reading. Love the detail of Cook and Mr. Green working on their calculations from Cook’s log. Required fields are marked *. Neither do changes by Samoa that will occur at the end of 2011. The beginnings of the Australian Museum as one of the leading museums undertaking research, with its extensive collections, documenting Australia's animal biodiversity and cultural heritage - where Australian natural history was born. 1780-1784 For me, two of the more accessible texts on the issues I have read in this blog are “The Fatal Shore” by Robert Hughes and “Captain James Cook” by Rob Mundle. By ALEC SMART Captain James Cook is under the spotlight again after two women were arrested for spray-painting graffiti on his statue in Sydney’s Hyde Park in the early hours of the morning on 13 June. In 1770, Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook landed at Botany Bay’s Inscription Point. The captain and his crew first stepped foot on Australian soil a few miles south of what is now Sydney, Australia. It could only have been the 28th if Cook had used the civil calendar and ignored any correction for an International Date Line – this he did ignore because it didn’t exist at the time and (as the linked page explains) it was customary at the time not to correct for loss/gain of a day until a circumnavigation of the globe had been completed. He and his Endeavour crew stayed in the area for eight days and had a dramatic impact on Australian history. So interesting. James Cook sailed into Botany Bay, Sydney, in HMB Endeavour on April 29, 1770 Cook and his party were the first Europeans to land on Australia's … 1801-03 Captain Matthew Flinders circumnavigates the Australian mainland, proving it is an island. The problematic nature of January 26 has been apparent for a long time. You are thinking of the First Fleet commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip that landed at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. When did Captain Cook land in Australia? Where did Captain Cook first land in Australia? 1770 April 29 - Captain James Cook first sets foot in New South Wales at Botany Bay. He sailed from London, down around Sth America and then into the Pacific. Captain James Cook landing in Botany Bay, New South Wales, 1770 Captain Cook’s First Voyage 1768-1771. Did Tupaia call out than the natives did answer him in his own language our Latitude at Noon was 49′... 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