A peace treaty was arranged by the Chaco Peace Conference, which included Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, and the United States. During the night very humid tempitures leveling off at 90 degree’s made even breathing difficult for the trapped garrison. A lively and informative new podcast for kids that the whole family will enjoy! In very quick succession Colonel Rioja’s 1st Infantry division  recaptured the towns of Parairi and Mandyjypecua (19 - 20) and Colonel Moscosco’s 18th Infantry along with units of the 1st Cavalry expelled Colonel Franco from Charagua on the 21st. L'Oreille cassée, épisode des Aventures de Tintin publié par Hergé en 1935, fait allusion à la guerre du Chaco[11].

L'hallali se poursuit jusqu'au mois de décembre, les troupes boliviennes capitulant les unes après les autres. /* CHACO WAR 9 */

This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Chaco-War, Library of Congress Country Studies - The Chaco War, Chaco War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up).

The Paraguayan countryside in which they now found themselves was extremely hot and dry, supplies of water were always scarce. A ceasefire was negotiated on June 12th 1935. A key role in the hostilities was played by Russian and German émigré officers on the two warring sides.

The loss of this strategic position would allow the Paraguayan’s to reach the Bolivian southern lowlands and occupy the rich oil fields. À la fin de 1933, après une accalmie ayant suivi la meurtrière seconde bataille de Nanawa, les troupes boliviennes sont dispersées sur différents sites fortifiés, passablement abattues et à court d'équipement. On the evening of the 17th Franco’s divisions occupied Charagua. On April 30th 1934, President Ayala visited Estigarribia’s headquarters and gave the General his approval for a new offensive designed to capture Fort Ballivian and destroy the Bolivian 1st Corps stationed within.

Having failed to isolate Villa Montes from the north Estigarribia began making plans for what he dreaded most, a frontal assault.
Les Paraguayens ont également une meilleure connaissance du terrain et se montrent très déterminés malgré la vétusté de l'armement et les faiblesses de l'entraînement. Except for the officer corps, the majority of the Bollivian forces trapped within El Carmen were young recruits, fresh graduates from the Bollivian war college and had never been in combat until now. quitte Isla Poi pour attaquer la position. The assault penetrated through the Paraguayan lines however, instead of holding open an escape corridor Mendez advanced directly into El Carmen and joined up with Murillo’s division. Only the rainy season once again prevented the Paraguayan’s from advancing further. En plus des 100 000 victimes de guerre (chiffre le plus « optimiste »), on estime qu'il y a eu tout autant de morts, voire plus, pendant et après la guerre à cause des maladies comme la malaria, sans oublier la disparition de groupes entiers de soldats, essentiellement Boliviens, perdus dans un terrain plat aride, sans repères ni infrastructures, couvert de broussailles épineuses et parsemés de marécages insalubres aux eaux viciées. The Bolivian I Corps within the fort launched a surprise attack southward, pinning down the Paraguayan center. Salamanca believed it vital that Bolivia strike first to secure the oil deposits and gain control of the Paraguay river, which would have also given Bolivia access to the Atlantic Ocean.

In all the ten day battle had cost the Bolivian’s 1,400 men were as  Paraguayan casualties numbering close to 1,000. Les aviateurs portent des tenues de vol de modèle français (M. 1925) et la marine des uniformes d'inspiration britannique. De plus, le Paraguay s'est donné un nouveau commandant en chef, le futur maréchal-président Estigarribia, qui se révèle excellent organisateur et meneur de troupes lui aussi dont les options tactiques et stratégiques, efficaces, seront cependant plus controversées.
At 9:00 am on the morning of July 4th, the explosives were detonated just thirty yards from the Paraguayan front lines. When Regimental commander’s, Colonel’s Quint and Banzer agreed, Kundt sternly refused, giving the standing order of no retreat. Les jeunes recrues paraguayennes sont arrêtées net par le feu des mitrailleuses, les 2e, 3e et 4e Régiments d'Infanterie (R.I.) subissant de lourdes pertes. 7,65 Mauser (7,65 × 53, Mauser Rifle 1895 cal. Salamanca, de même humeur, avait en effet pris la décision de purger l'armée de ses chefs incompétents et avait dès lors entrepris la « tournée des popotes » pour saquer les commandants locaux quand il se fait piéger par les putschistes à Villamontes. La Bolivie, qui avait tenté de s'installer sur le haut-Paraguay dès le dernier quart du XIXe, s'est engagé dans sa marche vers le fleuve Paraguay par la voie sud-est dès les premières années du XXe siècle, le Paraguay réagissant ponctuellement. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.

Paraguay in stark contrast could rely on a mere 5,000 regulars to stem the first waves of the attack. And last and possibly the most important factor was the climate of the region.

Le conflit du Chaco inspira également un épisode de la saga Doc Savage de Lester Dent, The Dust of Death, la même année. The discovery of oil deposits on the Andean plains led to speculation that the northern territories of the Gran Chaco Boreal may be rich in petroleum reserves. L'assaut qui s'ensuit, appuyé par l'artillerie, les chars et l'aviation, est décimé. 151 Pins • 263 followers. On August 30th, the Paraguayans’ quickly took advantage of the Bolivian re deployment by surrounding Campo Grande with a ring of Artillery fire bases. Omissions?

By April 25th Paraguayan forces had been pushed back to their original lines. Secondly, the familiarity of fighting on home soil and utilizing the Paraguay river for mobilization allowed arms, supplies and troops to reach the front lines much more quickly. Besides local skirmishes the next two months saw very little in the way of major operations along the front lines. This alone would give Penaranda the respite he desperately needed to rebuild his shattered army. But General Estigarribia quickly sent in reserve units and closed the breach, inflicting an additional 1200 casualties upon the enemy. The spread of defeatism, low morale, large territorial losses and high casualties had affected its ranks greatly. Almost immediately I Corps pushed the Bolivian 1st division back into El Carmen itself and the 2nd a further five miles North East, initially opening a gap of thirty miles wide and twenty deep within the Bolivian front lines.

The 600 man force comprising the Regiment Ayacucho based at Campo Via, was to march with all haste and effect a breakthrough of the Paraguayan lines, thus enabling the trapped Bolivian Regiments a corridor of escape. This  Literary work © GreatMilitaryBattles.com, On November 27, President Salamanca, frustrated by the progress of the war, confronted his military commanders while visiting their headquarters at Villa Montes.

Estigarriba, Corps d'EM, bataillon d'escorte, RI, Fusils Mauser d'origine allemande, belge, chilienne et espagnole.

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