http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11581a.htm. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. One of those released was Dominican John Craig, who later was a colleague of John Knox. (1911). They even received a guarantee that if accused of apostasy they would be subject only to papal authority. Please set a username for yourself. As bishop of Chieti, Carafa served Pope Leo X as envoy to England and Spain. In 1536 Pope Paul III created him a cardinal and in 1549 archbishop of Naples. Following the trend in the Roman Catholic Church that wrongly suspected Jews of influencing the Reformation to some degree, Paul in 1555 established the ghetto at Rome. Historians seem to be unjust towards Paul IV. Finally, Pope Paul IV considers the case of the Roman Pontiff, but even then, he NEVER proposes even the possibility that a Pope might commit heresy or teach heresy. With thanks to St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio. [9], With the Protestant Reformation, the Papacy required all Roman Catholic rulers to consider Protestant rulers as heretics, thus making their realms illegitimate under customary international law. APA citation. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Paul IV May 23, 1555 - August 18, 1559 . This feeling led him into the ill-advised war with Philip II in November 1556. Paul IV refused to sanction Pole's settlement in regard to the confiscated goods of the Church, and demanded restitution. Yes, I'd like to receive Word of the Day emails from YourDictionary.com. He made the Inquisition a powerful engine of government, and was no respector of persons. We have created a browser extension. Caraffa was placed by the pontiff on the committee named to outline the project of reform of the papal Court; and on 22 Dec., 1536 he was created cardinal with the title of San Pancrazio. Pope Paul IV was born Gian Pietro Caraffa (also Carafa) on June 28, 1476 in Sant'Angelo a Scala, a small town south of Benevento and east of Naples. 14, translated by Ralph F. Kerr (1924), which includes a full bibliography and list of sources. He reorganized the Inquisition in Italy on papal lines and for a generation was the terror of misbelievers. He was elected in spite of the emperor, and for four years held aloft the banner of the independence of Italy. To avoid a conflict at the same time of the Italian War of 1551–1559, the Papacy and Spain reached a compromise with the Treaty of Cave: French and Spanish forces left the Papal States and the Pope adopted a neutral stance between France and Spain.[3]. He was buried in St. Peter’s August 19, 1559, and was later transferred to S. Maria sopra Minerva. He sentenced to the galleys monks whom the police found absent from their monasteries. The Caraffa family was one of the most noble in Naples. In Rome and, even more so, the seaport of Ancona, they thrived under benevolent popes Clement VII (1523–34), Paul III (1534–49), and Julius III (1550–55). Paul IV, original name Gian Pietro Carafa, (born June 28, 1476, near Benevento—died Aug. 18, 1559, Rome), Italian Counter-Reformation pope from 1555 to 1559, whose anti-Spanish policy renewed the war between France and the Habsburgs. But Paul IV (1555–59), the voice of the Counter-Reformation, dealt them an irreparable blow when he withdrew the protections previously given and initiated a campaign against them.

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