Their ranks have since been bolstered by recent immigration, especially from Morocco and Algeria. transport services. result, companies have grown bigger, and foreign investment has become quality of life comparison of Spain vs. Portugal For a group of younger writers, among them Miguel de Unamuno, Pío Baroja, and José Martínez Ruiz (Azorín), the Disaster and its cultural repercussions inspired a deeper, more radical literary shift that affected both form and content. The 18th century saw a gradual recovery and an increase in prosperity through much of the empire. Finally, along with the 17 autonomous communities, two autonomous cities are also part of the State of Autonomies and are first-order territorial divisions: Ceuta and Melilla. Spain's 504,782 square kilometer (194,896 square mile) territory, members of Spanish financial institutions—especially important Mario Camus and Pilar Miró worked together in Curro Jiménez. The Castilian language—more commonly known (especially later in history and at present) as "Spanish" after becoming the national language and lingua franca of Spain—evolved from Vulgar Latin, as did other Romance languages of Spain like the Catalan, Asturian and Galician languages, as well as other Romance languages in Latin Europe. This sector has traditionally been financially the most important Ideal growing conditions, combined with proximity to important north European markets, made citrus fruits Spain's leading export. [203] Spain's population density, at 91/km2 (235/sq mi), is lower than that of most Western European countries and its distribution across the country is very unequal. and closures, especially in the Asturian coal industry, which has led to Like other Western The the sector stems from the Since the 1990s some Spanish companies have gained multinational status, often expanding their activities in culturally close Latin America. These areas were to grow into the kingdoms of Navarre and Aragon. During this war, a new dynasty originating in France, the Bourbons, was installed. Besides the Perejil Island, the Spanish-held territories claimed by other countries are two: Morocco claims the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the plazas de soberanía islets off the northern coast of Africa. As Renaissance New Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand centralised royal power at the expense of local nobility, and the word España, whose root is the ancient name Hispania, began to be commonly used to designate the whole of the two kingdoms. Salvador de Madariaga, another prominent intellectual and writer, was one of the founders of the College of Europe and the composer of the constitutive manifest of the Liberal International. Ministers (designated by the Prime Minister). [110] Catalan independentism also rose. telephone market increased from 14 million to 19 million users during allowed for Spain's quota for olive oil production to reflect the [119], On 1 June 2018, the Congress of Deputies passed a motion of no-confidence against Rajoy and replaced him with the PSOE leader Pedro Sánchez. Depending on the nature of the crop, it was possible to harvest two successive crops in the same year on about 10% of the country's irrigated land. in the EU. Following a great Muslim resurgence in the 12th century, the great Moorish strongholds in the south fell to Castile in the 13th century—Córdoba in 1236 and Seville in 1248. to urban centers. World Factbook 2000. The Spanish State is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, both groups being the highest or first-order administrative division in the country. Preámbulo", "Analysis of 8 years of Gender Violence Law in Spain | Gender violence and justice", "The successes and failures of Spain's fight against domestic abuse", Chapter 3. total number of tourists in 1999 was 58,588,944, and the total number of Spain's extensive history with many cultural influences has led to a unique cuisine. The example of the Roman emperors influenced the political objective of the Crown, while the nobles benefited from feudalism. This period saw the Italian Wars, the Schmalkaldic War, the Dutch Revolt, the War of the Portuguese Succession, clashes with the Ottomans, intervention in the French Wars of Religion and the Anglo-Spanish War.[80]. Basketball, tennis, cycling, handball, futsal, motorcycling and, lately, Formula One also can boast of Spanish champions. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean respectively. [213] Between 1846 and 1932 it is estimated that nearly 5 million Spaniards emigrated to the Americas, especially to Argentina and Brazil. The Spanish writers are: José Echegaray, Jacinto Benavente, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Vicente Aleixandre and Camilo José Cela. In 2003 José María Aznar supported US president George W. Bush in the Iraq War, and a strong movement against war rose in Spanish society. It was the first empire on which it was said that the sun never set. initially subject to the tough restrictions imposed by the Common percent. [72] The Spanish explorer Blas Ruiz intervened in Cambodia's succession and installed Crown Prince Barom Reachea II as puppet. [15] At the end of the Western Roman Empire, Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces. More than 30 percent One of them, the Visigoths, forcibly integrated all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including the Byzantine province of Spania, into the Visigothic Kingdom. The busiest one is the airport of Madrid (Barajas), with 50 million passengers in 2011, being the world's 15th busiest airport, as well as the European Union's fourth busiest. The Society of Jesus was co-founded by Ignatius of Loyola, whose Spiritual Exercises and movement led to the establishment of hundreds of colleges and universities in the world, including 28 in the United States alone. In the anarcho-sindicalist trend of the labour movement in Spain, Confederación Nacional del Trabajo was founded in 1910 and Federación Anarquista Ibérica in 1927. concentrate on private savings and loans and financing public and Habsburg Spain was one of the leading world powers throughout the 16th century and most of the 17th century, a position reinforced by trade and wealth from colonial possessions and became the world's leading maritime power. The Napoleonic conflict in Spain led to chaos, triggering independence movements that tore apart most of the empire and left the country politically unstable. the Banco de Bilbao (founded in 1857), Banco de Vizcaya (1901), and Rex Bookstore. In turn, provinces are divided into municipalities. Therefore, i-spn-ya would mean "the land where metals are forged". The Spanish king abdicated in favour of Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte. Spain has a number of descendants of populations from former colonies, especially Latin America and North Africa. Castile and Leon is the Spanish leader in rural tourism linked to its environmental and architectural heritage. The overwhelming majority of Gibraltarians strongly oppose this, along with any proposal of shared sovereignty. Heywood, P. foodstuffs, and consumer goods. [29][failed verification] The best known artefacts of these prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the Altamira cave of Cantabria in northern Iberia, which were created from 35,600 to 13,500 BCE by Cro-Magnon. In a process that took centuries, the small Christian kingdoms in the north gradually regained control of the peninsula. Spanish fishermen have several times been arrested for fishing illegally The strong economic growth helped the government to reduce the government debt as a percentage of GDP and Spain's high unemployment rate began to steadily decline. Institución Libre de Enseñanza was an educational project that developed in Spain for the half a century of about 1876–1936 by Francisco Giner de los Ríos and Gumersindo de Azcárate. and accounts for 10 percent of GDP, with a 9 percent annual growth Napoleon's troops entered the country to invade Portugal but instead occupied Spain's major fortresses. The heavy losses suffered during the Rif War in Morocco brought discredit to the government and undermined the monarchy. An important provincial city founded by the Romans and with an extensive Roman era infrastructure, Córdoba became the cultural capital, including fine Arabic style architecture, during the time of the Islamic Umayyad dynasty. 3, July 2000. [31], The cultures of the Celtic and Iberian populations were gradually Romanised (Latinised) at different rates depending on what part of Hispania they lived in, with local leaders being admitted into the Roman aristocratic class. Vitoria-Gasteiz was awarded with the European Green Capital in 2012 after implementining good practices by the Agenda 21 and recovering Salburua wetland, protected by Ramsar Convention and Natura 2000 and a part of Green Belt of Vitoria-Gasteiz, funded partially with The LIFE Programme.

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