How Have Democratic Presidents Affected the Economy? On November 9, 1938, 30,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps on Kristallnacht. The rest came from Hungary, Romania, Germany, Lithuania, Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, France, Latvia, Slovakia, Greece, Yugoslavia, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Estonia, Luxembourg, Norway, and Denmark. Hundreds of thousands ... fled westwards ... most of them hoping to get to North America. In 1948 the Displaced Persons Act, primarily inspired by anti-Communism, finally led to a relaxation of US immigration policy. The US Escapee Program was established in the same year, and offered sanctuary to a limited number of refugees from Communist countries. In March 1943 the leading factories in Milan and Turin stopped work in order to secure evacuation allowances for workers’ families. Congress rejected national health insurance but passed the rest of the Fair Deal. “The German Military and the Holocaust,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. History. At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, British, American and Russian leaders agreed to '... recognise that the transfer to Germany of German populations ... remaining in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, will have to be undertaken.' Of those, the United States and the Soviet Union gained the most. The Refugee Relief Act of 1953 provided for the admission over three years of 214,000 refugees - of these, it was laid down that 186,000 should be from Communist countries. History. History. The total number of Germans who were expelled or who departed voluntarily from eastern Europe after the end of the war mounted to 11.5 million by 1950. “Kiev and Babi Yar,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 continued quotas for immigrants based upon country of origin. It had lower quotas for Asians, a vestige of the racism prevalent during the war. “U.S. “The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. In 1949, the Fair Deal called for national health insurance and raising the minimum wage. It also proposed the Fair Employment Practices Act to make illegal any religious and racial discrimination in hiring. It saw the creation of major global organizations such as the World Bank, the U.N., IMF, and NATO. In 1940, Germany invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. A lively and informative new podcast for kids that the whole family will enjoy! Office of the Historian. Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945. History. History. By this time most of the leading clandestine parties were more willing to work together to overthrow fascism. The Nazis also eliminated 250,000 people with disabilities, 220,000 Roma, 70,000 criminals and homosexuals, and 1,900 Jehovah's Witnesses. Before the war started, the U.S. Army only had 174,000 troops. According to the Nazis, the war was being fought against Communists and Jews who were one and the same. In short, the war was an almost unrelieved succession of military disasters. Surviving Jews from concentration camps who returned to their homes found that they were unwelcome. As Germany invaded Poland, Austria, and other eastern countries, the Nazis began executing Jews, Catholics, Roma, and other "undesirables." “Battle of the Bulge,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. The expulsions were ... conducted in a ruthless and often brutal manner. Italy - Italy - World War II: Only in June 1940, when France was about to fall and World War II seemed virtually over, did Italy join the war on Germany’s side, still hoping for territorial spoils. UNRRA was succeeded by the International Refugee Organisation, established in 1946; and that in turn gave way to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in 1950. “Researching Japanese War Crimes," Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. Britannica. “The Brutal History of Japan’s ‘Comfort Women’,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. Office of the Historian. “The American Economy During World War II,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. EH.net. America’s Story from America’s Library. “Battle of Guadalcanal,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. The Japanese military killed around 300,000 Chinese in the 1937 Nanking Massacre. The atrocities fuel continuing antagonism. They therefore remained stuck for years in so-called displaced persons' camps. The Allies also included China and 50 other combatants., The Axis leaders were Germany, Italy, and Japan. In Europe, the war killed 40 million people. History. “Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II,” Accessed Feb. 21, 2020. The front stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south. The real war for Italy began only in October, when Mussolini attacked Greece from Albania in a disastrous campaign that obliged the Germans, in 1941, to rescue the Italian forces and take over Greece themselves. India lost 3 million, but only 87,000 soldiers.  Japan cut off rice from Burma at the same time local crops failed. Great Britain had been diverting food from India to the war front, worsening mass starvation during the Bengal Famine. . London - London - Reconstruction after World War II: London suffered widespread damage during World War II as a result of aerial bombardment, which devastated the docks and many industrial, residential, and commercial districts, including the historic heart of the City. It then conquered Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland. At the peak period, in July 1946, 14,400 people a day were being dumped over the frontier.

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