William was inducted in the States Army as a general of infantry in 1790. He had six children with her: William II of the Netherlands, Prince Frederick, Princess Pauline, and Princess Marianne. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-I-king-of-The-Netherlands, Fact Monster - People - Biography of William I of Netherlands. The ‘Belgian Revolution’ erupted in Brussels on August 25, 1830 and continued till July 12 , 1831. He served as a commander of the Coalition of states during the November 6, 1792 to June 7, 1795 in the Flanders Campaign. Aware that the Dutch people were increasingly opposed to his autocratic methods, he abdicated in October 1840 and spent the rest of his life in Berlin. King William I's parents were the last stadtholder William V, Prince of Orange of the Dutch Republic, and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The French emerged victorious and William as taken as a prisoner of war. William was a nominal French vassal, but backed his Prussian relatives when Napoleon invaded Germany in 1806 and fought war against Prussia. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_I_of_the_Netherlands.jpg. Although William was successful in fostering economic growth, the money mostly went into pockets of Dutch directors, while just a few Belgians managed to make profit. The two attended the military academy in Brunswick in 1788-89. She instilled in him a fondness for liberal thought; it is probably during this period that Louis Philippe picked up his slightly Voltairean[needs to be explained] brand of Catholicism. The conflict thus concluded with secession of the southern provinces from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and formation of the independent Kingdom of Belgium. He also became member of the Council of State of the Netherlands. He gained title to the bishopric of Fulda and other smaller areas in Germany in negotiations with the French emperor Napoleon I in 1802 but lost all his German titles in 1806, when he sided with Prussia against Napoleon. His autocratic methods, however, met with opposition. William I of the Netherlands (24 August 1772-12 December 1843) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 16 March 1815 to 7 October 1840, preceding William II of the Netherlands. The ‘Batavian Revolution’ in Amsterdam occurred on January 18, 1795. The southern Roman Catholic clergy were alienated by William’s policy of state supremacy in ecclesiastical matters. He organised a brigade of the British army, the King's Dutch Brigade. He proclaimed himself the King of the Netherlands after the French withdrew from the country. Inspired by the revolution in Paris in July 1830, a rebellion broke out in Brussels the following month. He launched an economic recovery program and established several trade institutions. It formally started controlling the Netherlands from November 20, 1813 and declared the Principality of the United Netherlands a day later. She died on October 12, 1837. In March 1813, he met Alexander I of Russia who promised to help him restore an independent Netherlands and make him its king. William refused to accept the Belgian separation and anticipated renewed warfare. William commanded a Prussian division during the ‘Battle of Jena–Auerstedt’ (October 14, 1806). William I was the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg who was also the ruler of Nassau-Orange-Fulda, and Orange-Nassau and the Duke of Limburg. Until 1806, William was formally known as William VI, Prince of Orange-Nassau, and between 1806 and 1813 also as Prince of Orange. William’s family settled at the palace of Hampton Court in England. William, the eldest son of William, count of Nassau-Dillenburg, grew up in a cultivated Lutheran He, however, lost all German titles after backing Prussia against Napoleon. He also became Grand Duke of Luxembourg that year. He was the ruler of the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda from 1803 until 1806 and of the Principality of Orange-Nassau in the year 1806 and from 1813 until 1815. He was made a general in the Dutch States Army in 1790, and he became commander-in-chief of the mobile army in February 1793 after the Netherlands entered the French Revolutionary Wars against the French Republic. William I was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg. It introduced a centralised monarchy where William was offered much power, almost absolute, and ministers were all answerable to him. Prince Charles was tutored by the Countess of Genlis with Louis Philippe (future first President of France), beginning in 1782. The son of William V, prince of Orange, William married Wilhelmina, daughter of his uncle, Frederick William II of Prussia, in 1791 and emigrated with his family to England in 1795 after the French invasion of the Dutch Republic. It invited William on November 30, 1813, and upon his arrival offered him the title of the king on December 6 that year. In 1793, he fought during the battles of Menin, Veurne, and Wervik. He commanded the troops that took part in the Flanders campaign of 1793-95, and his most important battle was the Battle of Fleurus in 1794. Both the brothers were taught by Dutch historian Herman Tollius and Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, while they were guided in military arts by General Prince Frederick Stamford. He was made States Army’s commander-in-chief of the veldleger (mobile army) as war was declared by the National Convention of the French First Republic against the stadtholder of the Dutch Republic in February 1793. It was commissioned on October 21, 1799, and comprised of ex-officers and lower ranks members of the erstwhile Dutch States Army; the ones who deserted the Batavian army; and mutineers of the Batavian troops that surrendered to the Royal Navy at the time of the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland. Except for some service with the Austrians against Napoleon in 1809, he lived in exile at the Prussian court until 1812. Updates? He died in Berlin in 1843 at the age of 71. The southerners were further antagonized by the decision to make Dutch the administrative language throughout the kingdom and by the Dutch insistence on free trade when protection was needed by southern industries. On 16 March 1815, after Napoleon's escape from Elba, William proclaimed himself "King of the Netherlands" and "Grand Duke of Luxembourg", backed by the powers at the Congress of Vienna. She was the daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. He was appointed Governor-General of the former Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège in August that year. The resistance lasted until 1839, when he finally bowed to the demands of the great powers and conceded Belgian independence. On 30 November 1813, during the final campaign against Napoleon I, William landed at Scheveningen in Holland, and he became "Sovereign Prince" of the United Netherlands on 20 November 1813. Unable to accept the secession of Belgium from the Netherlands, the eventual constitutional changes introduced in 1840, and the resistance against his decision of marrying Belgian native and Roman Catholic Henrietta d'Oultremont (who served as a lady-in-waiting to his first wife), William abdicated on October 7, 1840, in favour of his son, William II. After Wilhelmina died in 1837, William married Countess Henriette d'Oult… A lively and informative new podcast for kids that the whole family will enjoy! He was, however, paroled soon but lost all his German titles. The couple had no children. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He placed the universities of Ghent, Louvain, and Liège under state control and required seminary students to attend a new “philosophical college” at Louvain. After initial rebel military successes, a conference of the leading European powers decided in January 1831 that Belgium should be an independent state. William I, first of the hereditary stadtholders (1572–84) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands and leader of the revolt of the Netherlands against Spanish rule and the Catholic religion. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). William’s father left for Germany feeling betrayed by Britain, while William visited Napoleon at St. William refused their offer and proclaimed himself "Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands.". William I, king of the Netherlands and grand duke of Luxembourg (1815–40) who sparked a commercial and industrial revival following the period of French rule (1795–1813), but provoked the Belgian revolt of 1830 through his autocratic methods. Although a unicameral States General was introduced, it had only limited power. The southern liberal and Catholic factions opposed to William’s rule joined in 1828 (the “union of parties”) and petitioned the King for political and religious reforms. His rule in the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda and the Principality of Orange-Nassau ended on October 27, 1806. A constitution was drafted and accepted by a vast majority. From November 20, 1813, to March 16, 1815, William again ruled as Prince of Orange-Nassau.

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